Statistical Business Analysis Quiz! Hardest Trivia Questions
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- 1.
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1. Refer to the ROC curve: As you move along the curve, what changes?- A.
The priors in the population
- B.
The true negative rate in the population
- C.
The proportion of events in the training data
- D.
The probability cutoff for scoring
- 2.When mean imputation is performed on data after the data is partitioned for an honest assessment, what is the most appropriate method for handling the mean imputation?
- A.
The sample means from the validation data set are applied to the training and test data sets.
- B.
The sample means from the training data set are applied to the validation and test data sets.
- C.
The sample means from the test data set are applied to the training and validation data sets.
- D.
The sample means from each partition of the data are applied to their own partition.
- 3.An analyst generates a model using the LOGISTIC procedure. They are now interested in getting the sensitivity and specificity statistics on a validation data set for a variety of cutoff values. Which statement and option combination will generate these statistics?
- A.
Score data=valid1 out=roc;
- B.
Score data=valid1 outroc=roc;
- C.
Mode1resp(event= '1') = gender region/outroc=roc;
- D.
Mode1resp(event"1") = gender region/ out=roc;
- 4.In partitioning data for model assessment, which sampling methods are acceptable?
- A.
Simple random sampling without replacement
- B.
Simple random sampling with replacement
- C.
Stratified random sampling without replacement
- D.
Sequential random sampling with replacement
- 5.Which SAS program will divide the original data set into 60% training and 40% validation data sets, stratified by county?
- A.
Proc surveryselect data=SASUSER.DATABASE samprate=0.6 out=sample; strata country; run;
- B.
Proc sort data=SASUSER.DATABASE; by county; run; proc surveyselect data=SASUSER.DATABASE samprate=0.6 out=sample outall; run;
- C.
Proc sort data=SASUSER.DATABASE; by county; run; proc surveyselect data=SASUSER.DATABASE samprate=0.6 out=sample outall; strata county; run;
- D.
Proc sort data=SASUSER.DATABASE; by county; run; proc surveyselect data=SASUSER.DATABASE samprate=0.6 out=sample; strata county; eun;
- 6.
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- A.
Selecting the top 10% of the population scored by the model should result in 3.14 times more events than a random draw of 10%.
- B.
Selecting the observations with a response probability of at least 10% should result in 3.14 times more events than a random draw of 10%.
- C.
Selecting the top 10% of the population scored by the model should result in 3.14 timesgreater accuracy than a random draw of 10%.
- D.
Selecting the observations with a response probability of atleast 10% should result in 3.14times greater accuracy than a random draw of 10%.
- 7.
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- A.
The predicted lift for the best 50% of validation data cases
- B.
The predicted lift if the entire population is scored as event cases
- C.
The predicted lift if none of the population are scored as event cases
- D.
The predicted lift if 50% of the population are randomly scored as event cases
- 8.What is the use of the reference line in gains chart?
- 9.
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- A.
Depth
- B.
Sensitivity
- C.
Specificity
- D.
Positive predictive value
- 10.
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The plots represent two models, A and B, being fit to the same two data sets, training and validation. Model A is 90.5% accurate at distinguishing blue from red on the training data and 75.5% accurate at doing the same on validation data. Model B is 83% accurate at distinguishing blue from red on the training data and 78.3% accurate at doing the same on the validation data. Which of the two models should be selected and why?- A.
Model A. It is more complex with a higher accuracy than model B on training data.
- B.
Model A. It performs better on the boundary for the training data.
- C.
Model B. It is more complex with a higher accuracy than model A on validation data.
- D.
Model B. It is simpler with a higher accuracy than model A on validation data.
- 11.
- A.
Profit=(P_R>0.05)*Purch*200-(P_R>.05)*(1-Purch)*10;
- B.
Profit=(P_R.05)*(1-Purch)*10;
- C.
If P_R> 0.05; profit=(P_R>0.05)*Purch*200-(P_R>.05)*(1-Purch)*10;
- D.
If P_R> 0.05; profit=(P_R>0.05)*Purch*200+(P_R
- 12.In order to perform an honest assessment on a predictive model, what is an acceptable division between training, validation, and testing data?
- A.
Training: 50% Validation: 0% Testing: 50%
- B.
Training: 100% Validation: 0% Testing: 0%
- C.
Training: 0% Validation: 100% Testing: 0%
- D.
Training: 50% Validation: 50% Testing: 0%
- 13.
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- A.
Candidate 1, because the area outside the curve is greater
- B.
Candidate 2, because the area outside the curve is greater
- C.
Candidate 1, because it is closer to the diagonal reference curve
- D.
Candidate 2, because it shows less over fit than Candidate 1
- 14.A confusion matrix is created for data that were oversampled due to a rare target. What values are not affected by this oversampling?
- A.
Sensitivity and PV+
- B.
Specificity and PV-
- C.
PV+ and PV-
- D.
Sensitivity and Specificity
- 15.
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- A.
X=40, Y=10
- B.
X=.05, Y=10
- C.
X=.05, Y=.40
- D.
X=.10,Y=.05
- 16.
- A.
To provide a unbiased measure of assessment for the final model.
- B.
To compare models and select and fine-tune the final model.
- C.
To reduce total sample size to make computations more efficient.
- D.
To build the predictive models.
- 17.
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- 18.
- A.
Training data
- B.
Total data
- C.
Test data
- D.
Validation data
- 19.
- A.
It violates assumptions of the model.
- B.
It requires extra computational effort and time.
- C.
It omits the training (and test) data sets from the benefits of the cleansing methods.
- D.
There is no ability to compare the effectiveness of different cleansing methods.
- 20.A company has branch offices in eight regions. Customers within each region are classified as either "High Value" or "Medium Value" and are coded using the variable name VALUE. In the last year, the total amount of purchases per customer is used as the response variable. Suppose there is a significant interaction between REGION and VALUE. What can you conclude?
- A.
More high value customers are found in some regions than others.
- B.
The difference between average purchases for medium and high value customers depends on the region.
- C.
Regions with higher average purchases have more high value customers.
- D.
Regions with higher average purchases have more medium value customers.
- 21.This question will ask you to provide a missing option. Complete the following syntax to test the homogeneity of variance assumption in the GLM procedure: Means Region / <insert option here> =levene;
- 22.
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- A.
All groups are significantly different from each other.
- B.
2XL is significantly different from all other groups.
- C.
Only XL and 2XL are not significantly different from each other.
- D.
No groups are significantly different from each other.
- 23.
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- A.
- B.
35%
- C.
65%
- D.
76%
- 24.
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The box plot was used to analyze daily sales data following three different ad campaigns. The business analyst concludes that one of the assumptions of ANOVA was violated. Which assumption has been violated and why?- A.
Normality, because Prob > F < .0001.
- B.
Normality, because the interquartile ranges are different in different ad campaigns.
- C.
Constant variance, because Prob > F < .0001.
- D.
Constant variance, because the interquartile ranges are different in different ad campaigns.
- 25.
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Given alpha=0.02, which conclusion is justified regarding percentage of body fat, comparing small (S), medium (M), and large (L) wrist sizes?- A.
Medium wrist size is significantly different than small wrist size.
- B.
Large wrist size is significantly different than medium wrist size.
- C.
Large wrist size is significantly different than small wrist size.
- D.
There is no significant difference due to wrist size.
- 26.
- A.
Proc glm data=salary; class gender; model pay=gender; run;
- B.
Proc ttest data=salary; class gender; var pay; run;
- C.
Proc glm data=salary; class pay; model pay=gender; run;
- D.
Proc ttest data=salary; class gender; model pay=gender; run;
- 27.
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27. Which statement is correct at an alpha level of 0.05?- A.
School*Gender should be removed because it is non-significant.
- B.
Gender should be removed because it is non-significant.
- C.
School should be removed because it is significant.
- D.
Gender should not be removed due to its involvement in the significant interaction.
- 28.There are missing values in the input variables for a regression application. Which SAS procedure provides a viable solution?
- 29.There are variable cluster in the input variables for a regression application. Which SAS procedure provides a viable solution?
- 30.Screening for non-linearity in binary logistic regression can be achieved by visualizing:
- A.
A scatter plot of binary response versus a predictor variable.
- B.
A trend plot of empirical logit versus a predictor variable.
- C.
A logistic regression plot of predicted probability values versus a predictor variable.
- D.
A box plot of the odds ratio values versus a predictor variable.
- 31.
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Given the following SAS dataset TEST: Inc_Group 1 2 3 4 5 Which SAS program is NOT a correct way to create dummy variables?- A.
Option A
- B.
Option B
- C.
Option C
- D.
Option D
- 32.An analyst fits a logistic regression model to predict whether or not a client will default on a loan. One of the predictors in the model is agent, and each agent serves 15-20 clients each. The model fails to converge. The analyst prints the summarized data, showing the number of defaulted loans per agent. See the partial output below: What is the most likely reason that the model fails to converge?
- A.
There is quasi-complete separation in the data.
- B.
There is collinearity among the predictors.
- C.
There are missing values in the data.
- D.
There are too many observations in the data.
- 33.An analyst knows that the categorical predictor, storeId, is an important predictor of the target. However, store_Id has too many levels to be a feasible predictor in the model. The analyst wants to combine stores and treat them as members of the same class level. What are the two most effective ways to address the problem? (Choose two.)
- A.
Eliminate store_id as a predictor in the model because it has too many levels to be feasible.
- B.
Cluster by using Greenacre's method to combine stores that are similar.
- C.
Use subject matter expertise to combine stores that are similar.
- D.
Randomly combine the stores into five groups to keep the stochastic variation among the observations intact.
- 34.Including redundant input variables in a regression model can:
- A.
Stabilize parameter estimates and increase the risk of overfitting.
- B.
Destabilize parameter estimates and increase the risk of overfitting.
- C.
Stabilize parameter estimates and decrease the risk of overfitting.
- D.
Destabilize parameter estimates and decrease the risk of overfitting.
- 35.Excluding redundant input variables in a regression model can:
- A.
Stabilize parameter estimates and increase the risk of overfitting.
- B.
Destabilize parameter estimates and increase the risk of overfitting.
- C.
Stabilize parameter estimates and decrease the risk of overfitting.
- D.
Destabilize parameter estimates and decrease the risk of overfitting.
- 36.An analyst investigates Region (A, B, or C) as an input variable in a logistic regression model. The analyst discovers that the probability of purchasing a certain item when Region = A is 1. What problem does this illustrate?
- A.
Collinearity
- B.
Influential observations
- C.
Quasi-complete separation
- D.
Problems that arise due to missing values
- 37.
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- A.
The association between the continuous predictor and the binary response is quadratic.
- B.
The association between the continuous predictor and the log-odds is quadratic.
- C.
The association between the continuous predictor and the continuous response is quadratic.
- D.
The association between the binary predictor and the log-odds is quadratic.
- 38.
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This question will ask you to provide a missing option. Given the following SAS program:- A.
OUTPUT=estimates
- B.
OUTP=estimates
- C.
OUTSTAT=estimates
- D.
OUTCORR=estimates
- 39.
- A.
The model will likely be overfit.
- B.
There will be a high rate of collinearity among input variables.
- C.
Complete case analysis means that fewer observations will be used in the model building process.
- D.
New cases with missing values on input variables cannot be scored without extra data processing.
- 40.
- A.
Concordant and discordant pairs of ranked observations
- B.
Logit link (log(p/1-p))
- C.
Rank-ordered values of the variables
- D.
Weighted sum of chi-square statistics for 2x2 tables
- 41.A non-contributing predictor variable (Pr > |t| =0.658) is added to an existing multiple linear regression model. What will be the result?
- A.
An increase in R-Square
- B.
A decrease in R-Square
- C.
A decrease in Mean Square Error
- D.
No change in R-Square
- 42.A non-contributing predictor variable (Pr > |t| =0.658) is eliminated to an existing multiple linear regression model. What will be the result?
- A.
An increase in R-Square
- B.
A decrease in R-Square
- C.
A decrease in Mean Square Error
- D.
No change in R-Square
- 43.The standard form of a linear regression is : Y= beta0+beta1*X+ error Which statement best summarizes the assumptions placed on the errors?
- A.
The errors are correlated, normally distributed with constant mean and zero variance.
- B.
The errors are correlated, normally distributed with zero mean and constant variance.
- C.
The errors are independent, normally distributed with constant mean and zero variance.
- D.
The errors are independent, normally distributed with zero mean and constant variance.
- 44.
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What is the value of R-squared? - 45.
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Identify the correct SAS program for fitting a multiple linear regression model with dependent variable (y) and four predictor variables (x1-x4).- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- 46.An analyst has selected this model as a champion because it shows better model fit than a competing model with more predictors. Which statistic justifies this rationale?
- A.
R-Square
- B.
Coeff Var
- C.
Adj R-Sq
- D.
Error DF
- 47.
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What is the total number of the sample size? - 48.The selection criterion used in the forward selection method in the REG procedure is:
- 49.
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Which SAS program will correctly use backward elimination selection criterion within the REG procedure?- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- 50.
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- A.
The predicted value of the response when all the predictors are at their current values.
- B.
The predicted value of the response when all predictors are at their means.
- C.
The predicted value of the response when all predictors = 0.
- D.
The predicted value of the response when all predictors are at their minimum values.
- 51.
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SAS output from the RSOUARE selection method, within the REG procedure, is shown. The top two models in each subset are given. Based on the AIC statistic, which model is the champion model?- A.
Age Weight RunTime RunPulse MaxPulse
- B.
Age Weight RunTime RunPulse RestPulse MaxPulse
- C.
RestPulse
- D.
RunTime
- 52.
- 53.
- A.
Proc glm data=sasuser.mlr; class c1 x1 x2 x3; model y=c1 x1-x3 /solution; run;
- B.
Proc glm data=sasuser.mlr; model y=c1 x1-x3 /solution; run;
- C.
Proc glm data=sasuser.mlr; class c1; model y=c1 x1-x3; run;
- D.
Proc glm data=sasuser.mlr; class c1; model y=c1 x1-x3 /solution; run;
- 54.
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Which SAS program will detect collinearity in a multiple regression application?- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- 55.What is a correct interpretation of the estimate?
- A.
The odds of the event are 1.142 greater for each one dollar increase in salary.
- B.
The odds of the event are 1.142 greater for each one thousand dollar increase in salary.
- C.
The probability of the event is 1.142 greater for each one dollar increase in salary.
- D.
The probability of the event is 1.142 greater for each one thousand dollar increase in salary.
- 56.
- A.
Use the SCORE statement in the LOGISTIC procedure.
- B.
Augment the training data set with new observations and set their responses to missing.
- C.
Augment the training data set with new observations and rerun the LOGISTIC procedure.
- D.
Use the saved parameter estimates from the LOGISTIC procedure and score new observations in the SCORE procedure.
- 57.
- A.
The SCORE statement in the LOGISTIC procedure returns only predicted probabilities, whereas the SCORE procedure returns only predicted logits.
- B.
The SCORE statement in the LOGISTIC procedure returns only predicted logits, whereas the SCORE procedure returns only predicted probabilities.
- C.
Unlike the SCORE procedure, the SCORE statement in the LOGISTIC procedure produces both predicted probabilities and predicted logits.
- D.
The SCORE procedure and the SCORE statement in the LOGISTIC procedure produce the same output.
- 58.Select the equivalent LOGISTIC procedure model statements. (Choose two.)
- A.
Mode1 Purchase * Gender Age Region;
- B.
Mode1 Purchase * Gender | Age | Region;
- C.
Mode1 Purchase * Gender|Age|Region @1;
- D.
Mode1 Purchase * Gender|Age|Region @2;
- 59.
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Given the following LOGISTIC procedure: What is the difference between the datasets OUTFILEJ and OUTFILE_2?- A.
OUTFILE_1 contains the final parameter estimates while OUTFILE_2 contains the newly scored probabilities.
- B.
OUTFILE_1 contains the model goodness of fit statistics while OUTFILE_2 contains the newly scored probabilities
- C.
OUTFILE_1 contains the model goodness of fit statistics while OUTFILE_2 contains the newly scored logits.
- D.
OUTFILEJ contains the final parameter estimates and Wald Chi-Square values while OUTFILE_2 contains the newly scored probabilities.
- 60.
- A.
0.0819
- B.
0.5663
- C.
-3.7727
- D.
-1.0415
- 61.
- A.
An observation with the event has an equal probability as another observation with the event.
- B.
An observation with the event has a lower predicted probability than the observation without the event.
- C.
An observation with the event has an equal predicted probability as the observation without the event.
- D.
An observation with the event has a higher predicted probability than the observation without the event
- 62.
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- A.
About 25% of the customers who did make a purchase are correctly classified as making a purchase.
- B.
About 50% of the customers who did make a purchase are correctly classified as making a purchase.
- C.
About 85% of the customers who did make a purchase are correctly classified as making a purchase.
- D.
About 95% of the customers who did make a purchase are correctly classified as making a purchase.
- 63.One common approach for predicting rare events in the LOGISTIprocedure is to build a model that disproportionately over-re presents those cases with an event occurring (e.g. a 50-50 event/non-event split). What problem does this present?
- A.
All parameter estimates are biased.
- B.
Only the intercept estimate is biased.
- C.
Only the non-intercept parameter estimates are biased.
- D.
Sensitivity estimates are biased.
- 64.
- A.
P=1/(1+exp(-default));
- B.
Odds=exp(default); p=odds/1+odds;
- C.
P=(1+exp(default))/exp(default);
- D.
P=default/(1+default);
- 65.Which statistic, calculated from a validation sample, can help decide which model to use for prediction of a binary target variable?
- A.
Adjusted R Square
- B.
Mallow's Cp
- C.
Chi Square
- D.
Average Squared Error
- 66.Which statistic indicates a better model when it gets larger?
- A.
Adjusted R Square
- B.
Mallow's Cp
- C.
Chi Square
- D.
Average Squared Error
- 67.
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- A.
Scoredata data=MYDIR.NEW_DATA out=scores;
- B.
Scoredata data=MYDIR.NEW_DATA output=scores;
- C.
Score data=HYDIR.NEU_DATA output=scores;
- D.
Score data=MYDIR,NEW DATA out=scores;
- 68.
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A marketing manager attempts to determine those customers most likely to purchase additional products as the result of a nation-wide marketing campaign. The manager possesses a historical dataset (CAMPAIGN) of a similar campaign from last year. It has the following characteristics: Target variable Respond (0,1) Continuous predictor Income Categorical predictor Homeowner(Y,N) Which SAS program performs this analysis?- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- 69.Which of the following describes a discordant pair of observations in the LOGISTIC procedure?
- A.
An observation with the event has an equal probability as another observation with the event.
- B.
An observation with the event has a lower predicted probability than the observation without the event.
- C.
An observation with the event has an equal predicted probability as the observation without the event.
- D.
An observation with the event has a higher predicted probability than the observation without the event
- 70.
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- A.
Greatest: MBA Least: DOWN_AMT
- B.
Greatest: MBA Least: CASH
- C.
Greatest: DOWN_AMT Least: CASH
- D.
Greatest: DOWN_AMT Least: HOME
- 71.What is the default method in the LOGISTIC procedure to handle observations with missing data?
- A.
Missing values are imputed.
- B.
Parameters are estimated accounting for the missing values.
- C.
Parameter estimates are made on all available data.
- D.
Only cases with variables that are fully populated are used.
- 72.proc surveyselect data=frame out=sample <insert here> outall;run;
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